Fog Preparedness and Safety

Fog is a Weather Phenomenon

Fog is a weather phenomenon that forms in areas with high humidity. It is essentially a cloud that touches the ground and can be light or very dense, making visibility difficult and, in many cases, nearly impossible. There are different types of fog depending on how it forms and its characteristics.

Fog forms when the air becomes very humid and contains a large amount of water vapor, along with dust particles or air pollutants, around which the vapor condenses into tiny droplets.

Advance preparedness and correct action at the right time help reduce risks and save lives. These guidelines are based on international best practices and adapted to the UAE’s environment and safety systems.

Why Fog Preparedness Is Important

Dense fog can form rapidly, reducing visibility to only a few meters and making it difficult to judge distances, speed, and road conditions. Many fog-related accidents occur because drivers underestimate the danger or fail to adjust their driving behavior. Preparedness helps people make safer decisions, reduce accidents, and support the efforts of traffic safety and emergency authorities.

Understanding Fog Risks

Fog is a cloud that forms near the ground when air cools and water vapor condenses into tiny droplets. It becomes especially dangerous when it is dense or sudden, particularly on highways and between cities. In the UAE, fog is common in coastal and desert areas, especially in the early morning or late at night. Weather conditions can change quickly, requiring constant attention.

Preparing for the fog Season

Safety begins with preparation. People are advised to follow weather forecasts and alerts issued by the National Center of Meteorology and other official authorities. Drivers should plan trips in advance and allow extra time when fog is expected.

Vehicles should be checked to ensure headlights, fog lights (if available), windshield wipers, and defogging systems are working properly. Pedestrians and cyclists should wear reflective or light-colored clothing to improve visibility. Schools and workplaces may consider flexible hours or remote work when heavy fog is expected.

How to Act Safely During Fog

When fog occurs, behavior should be adjusted immediately to reduce risk. Drivers should slow down, increase the distance between vehicles, and use low-beam headlights only. High beams should not be used because they reflect off the fog and reduce visibility. Sudden stops or sharp lane changes should be avoided, and road markings should be used as guidance.

If visibility becomes extremely poor, drivers should stop in a safe place away from traffic lanes and avoid stopping on the roadway. Hazard lights should be used only when the vehicle is fully stopped. Pedestrians should use sidewalks if available and be very careful when crossing roads.

What to Do If You Encounter Sudden Dense Fog

If you suddenly enter dense fog while driving, stay calm, reduce speed gradually, and be prepared to stop safely. Pay attention to traffic sounds around you and avoid stopping in active lanes. If an accident occurs, move to a safe location if possible and contact the authorities.

After the Fog Clears

Even after visibility improves, continue to drive carefully, as roads may be wet and visibility may still be unstable in some areas. It is useful to review what worked well and improve future preparedness, such as adjusting travel times or routes.

Health and Medical Effects Associated with Fog

Some medical sources indicate that repeated or prolonged exposure to fog, especially in cold and humid conditions, may affect certain groups. Breathing cold, damp air can irritate the respiratory system, causing coughing or shortness of breath, and may worsen asthma or bronchitis, especially in people with weakened immunity or chronic respiratory conditions.

Some people may feel increased fatigue or drowsiness during fog, which may be related to relatively lower oxygen levels in the air, affecting energy and concentration, especially in older adults.

Air pollutants that sometimes accompany fog, such as sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxides in urban or industrial areas, may irritate the eyes, cause difficulty swallowing, or increase airway constriction in sensitive individuals. Joint and muscle stiffness and pain may also increase in people with arthritis or rheumatism, as cold and humidity can worsen stiffness, and changes in air pressure may increase tissue swelling.

In the early morning, fog and cold weather may pose additional risks for elderly people and those with heart and blood vessel diseases, as cold can cause blood vessels to constrict and increase the workload on the heart. Fog may also affect mental health. Reduced sunlight over extended periods can cause low mood or feelings of sadness in some people.

Health Tips During Fog

People who are more vulnerable are advised to take extra precautions, such as limiting exposure to fog, wearing an appropriate mask when going outside, rinsing eyes with clean water if irritation occurs, and maintaining a healthy diet to support immunity. A doctor should be consulted if symptoms worsen or persist.

Sources and Downloads

Ready.gov – Fog Safety Guidelines
U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) – Fog Safety
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) – Weather Hazard Awareness
National Center of Meteorology – UAE (official alerts)
Traffic safety and civil defense authorities in the UAE
Link to the video about fog
Key Public Awareness Messages

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