Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs.The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material).
Pneumonia can range in seriousness from mild to life-threatening.
It is most serious for infants and young children, people older than age 65, and people with health problems or weakened immune systems.

Community-acquired pneumonia
- Bacteria: Can occur on its own or after a cold or the flu. It may affect one part (lobe) of the lung, known as lobar pneumonia.
- Fungi: Common in people with chronic health problems or weakened immune systems. Found in soil or bird droppings, and it varies by geographic location.
- Viruses (including COVID-19): Viruses that cause colds and the flu can also cause pneumonia, especially in children under 5 years.
Hospital-acquired pneumonia
- Acquired during a hospital stay for another illness.
- Often caused by bacteria resistant to antibiotics.
- More likely in patients using ventilators in intensive care units.
Health care-acquired pneumonia
- A bacterial infection in long-term care residents or outpatient care patients (e.g., dialysis centers).
- Caused by bacteria more resistant to antibiotics.
Aspiration pneumonia
- Occurs when food, drink, vomit, or saliva is inhaled into the lungs.
- More likely with a disturbed gag reflex (e.g., brain injury, swallowing issues, or excessive alcohol or drug use).

Symptoms vary from mild to severe based on the germ, age, and overall health:

Age Groups at Higher Risk:
- People 65 years or older
- Children 2 years or younger
Other Risk Factors:
- Hospitalization: Higher risk if using a ventilator.
- Chronic diseases: Asthma, COPD, heart disease.
- Weakened immune systems: HIV/AIDS, organ transplants, chemotherapy, or long-term steroids.
- Smoking: Damages natural lung defenses.

Get vaccinated: Vaccines for some types of pneumonia and the flu are available. Consult your doctor.
Ensure children are vaccinated.
Practice good hygiene: Wash hands regularly or use alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
Don't smoke: Smoking harms lung defenses.
Keep your immune system strong: Sleep well, exercise, and maintain a healthy diet.