Scarlet Fever

What is scarlet fever?

Scarlet fever is a bacterial infection caused by group A streptococcus pyogenes bacteria, which results in a characteristic rash, as well as fever and sore throat.

This infection mainly affects children between the ages of 5 and 15 and is considered one of the diseases that can be easily treated if diagnosed early.

Symptoms

• A bright red skin rash, with a sandpaper-like texture.
  • It begins on the face and neck before spreading to the extremities.
  • It often spreads around the mouth, resulting in a flushed appearance of the cheeks.
• Sore throat with pain when swallowing and redness of the tonsils.
• Fever, often a body temperature exceeding 38.3°C.
• Strawberry tongue, characterized by a red tongue with prominent raised bumps.

Other symptoms

• Nausea
• Abdominal pain
• Headache
• Vomiting

Risk factors

• Children between the ages of 5 - 15 are most at risk.
• Crowded places, such as schools and nurseries.
• People with immunodeficiency diseases.
• Children with a history of bacterial throat infections are more likely to develop scarlet fever.

Diagnosis

• Clinical examination: Doctors rely on visible symptoms such as rash and sore throat. "Strawberry tongue" is also a classical diagnostic sign associated with scarlet fever.
• Throat swab: A sample is taken from the throat and analyzed to detect the presence of Streptococcus bacteria. Rapid Antigen Tests (RADTs) are also commonly used for quicker diagnosis.
• Blood test: In some cases, the doctor may order a blood test to check for other complications or infections.

Treatment

• Antibiotics:
  • The primary treatment for scarlet fever is antibiotics, such as penicillin or amoxicillin, which help eliminate bacteria and avoid complications.
• Pain relievers:
  • Such as paracetamol, can be used to relieve fever and pain.
• Rest:
  • Stay home and get some rest until you recover.

Complications

• Infection of the middle ear
• Kidney inflammation
• Arthritis
• Rheumatic fever
• Tonsil cysts