Lung Cancer

What is Lung Cancer?

Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs, commonly in the cells lining the air passages.

Types of Lung Cancer

• Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC):
  The most common type (around 85% of cases).
• Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC):
  Less common but more aggressive.

Early Symptoms of Lung Cancer

• Persistent cough.
• Shortness of breath.
• Hoarseness (change in voice).
• Chest pain that worsens with deep breathing, coughing, or laughing.

Advanced Symptoms of Lung Cancer

• Coughing up blood (hemoptysis).
• Fatigue.
• Unexplained weight loss.
• Bone pain or fractures.
• Headaches (if cancer has spread).

What are the Risk Factors for Lung Cancer?

• Smoking: Primary risk factor.
• Secondhand Smoke Exposure.
• Radon Exposure: Naturally occurring gas that can cause lung cancer.
• Family History: Genetic predisposition.
• Occupational Hazards: Exposure to asbestos, certain chemicals, and pollutants.
• Air Pollution.

Ways of Early Detection

• Low-Dose CT Scan (LDCT):
  Recommended for high-risk individuals (ages 50–80 with significant smoking history).
  Can detect lung cancer early, improving chances of successful treatment.
• Screening Guidelines:
  People with a history of heavy smoking should discuss screening options.
  Regular follow-ups for those at higher risk.

Diagnosis of Lung Cancer

• Imaging Tests:
  X-rays, CT scans, PET scans, and MRI to visualize abnormal masses.
• Biopsy:
  Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy.
  Bronchoscopy for tissue sampling.
• Other Tests:
  Sputum cytology.
  Molecular testing for gene mutations.

Treatment of Lung Cancer

• Surgery:
  Removal of cancerous tissue, often in early stages.
• Radiation Therapy:
  High-energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells.
• Chemotherapy:
  Drugs to target and kill fast-growing cells.
• Targeted Therapy:
  Drugs that target specific gene mutations in cancer cells.
• Immunotherapy:
  Boosts the immune system's ability to fight cancer.
• Palliative Care:
  Symptom management and quality-of-life support.

Prevention Factors to Reduce Risk

• Quit Smoking: The most effective way to reduce risk.
• Avoid Secondhand Smoke: Make smoke-free environments a priority.
• Healthy Diet and Exercise: Some studies suggest a healthy lifestyle can help reduce cancer risk.
• Use Protective Equipment: Especially important for workers in high-risk occupations.